Although chemical use brings the primary benefit of higher crop yields, pesticide sprays open up Pandora’s box of deleterious environmental and human health problems. Approximately 2.60 kg of pesticides were applied per hectare over the ten-year period, which equates to a total of 4.9 million tons of pesticides used annually. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), the world recorded a high average pesticide use, alone, per unit of cropland between 20. Hence, the agriculture industry relies on chemicals (bactericides, fungicides, nematicides and others) to protect crops. Crop pests, pathogens and the diseases they carry are a key challenge for modern agriculture with respect to coping with the rising demand, contributing to up to 40% productivity losses worldwide. Finally, we emphasize the overall limitation of dsRNA sprays, the risks associated, and the potential safety concerns for spraying dsRNAs on crops.Īs the world population is expected to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, global agricultural production has to be increased to meet food needs. The effects of nanoparticle size and surface modification on the dsRNA uptake efficiency in plants are also discussed.
Here, we highlight recent developments in nanoparticle-mediated nanocarriers to deliver dsRNA, including layered double hydroxide, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, liposomes, and cell-penetrating peptides, by review of the literature and patent landscape. Thus, nanocarrier delivery systems have been especially used with the goal of improving the efficacy of dsRNAs. However, the use of dsRNA sprays in open fields is complicated with respect to variable efficiencies in the dsRNA delivery, and the stability of the dsRNA on and in the plants, and because the mechanisms of gene silencing may differ between plants and between different pathogen targets. An alternative pathogen control mechanism that is more “friendly” to the environment can be developed by externally applying double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) to suppress gene expression. Insect pests and pathogens are primarily responsible for one-third of food losses and harmful synthetic pesticides have been applied to protect crops from these pests and other pathogens such as viruses and fungi. Just before completing your order, take a moment to check for coupons and you’ll save even more on star stable database makeup.To fulfil the growing needs of the global population, sustainability in food production must be ensured. If you’re a new user on AliExpress, we’ll let you in on a secret.
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